By mid-August, and with a decline in the number of reports of sick and dead birds in many jurisdictions, the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) is lifting its previous recommendation to cease feeding birds.
Those opting to feed birds or provide water in bird baths should remain vigilant for avian mortalities and consider the following best practice guidelines:
*Clean feeders and bird baths at least once a week, then disinfect with a 10 percent bleach solution to prevent potential infectious disease spread between birds and other wildlife. After cleaning, rinse well with water and allow to air dry.
*Wear disposable gloves when handling bird feeders and baths and wash your hands when finished.
*When feeding birds, follow expert recommendations, such as those listed in Audubon International’s Guide to Bird Feeding.
*Keep pets away from sick or dead wild birds.
*Avoid handling wild birds. If you must do so, wear disposable gloves or place an inverted plastic bag over your hand to avoid direct contact with the bird. Dispose of dead birds in a closed plastic bag in household trash. Alternatively, bury bird carcasses at least 3 feet to prevent any disease transmission to scavenging animals.
In late May, wildlife managers in multiple states, including Virginia, began receiving reports of sick and dying birds that were exhibiting eye issues (swelling, crusts, discharge, etc.), along with neurological symptoms. No definitive cause(s) of illness or death have been determined. No human health or domestic livestock and poultry issues have been documented.
Virginia was one of the first states that received reports of birds displaying eye and neurological signs. Beginning in early June, the DWR, along with other local collaborating organizations, began documenting dead or sick bird reports and submissions to local wildlife rehabilitation hospitals. From these data, the DWR was able to target its response guidance to the areas of Virginia most likely to be affected by this mortality event. The DWR recommended removing bird feeders in these affected areas beginning in June to limit potential disease transmission.
Natural resource management agencies in the affected jurisdictions continue to work with diagnostic laboratories to investigate the cause(s) of the event. The U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wildlife Health Center, the University of Georgia Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, the University of Pennsylvania Wildlife Futures Program, the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, and multiple state labs have been involved.
As reported previously, based on results received to date, the following pathogens have not been detected in any of the birds tested: Salmonella and Chlamydia (bacteria); avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, coronaviruses, Newcastle disease virus, herpesviruses, and poxviruses; and Trichomonas parasites. Toxicology tests have been negative for heavy metals, common pesticides, and herbicides. Additional diagnostic tests, including metagenomics work, are ongoing.
Bird mortality events are not uncommon. Several aspects make this event unique, including the extensive geographic scope, the duration of reported mortalities, and the fact that the initial reports were received from an urban area.
The response and resulting recommendations to this and most all avian mortality events, however, is essentially the same. Affected birds are sent to a wildlife health laboratory for diagnostic investigation and residents of known affected areas are advised to minimize potential disease transmission by removing bird feeders and baths until the event has concluded. Once all the diagnostic investigations involving this event are complete, the DWR hopes to be able to better tailor its diagnostic investigative response and guidance to the public for future bird mortality events.
Wildlife disease investigations can be inherently challenging and sometimes are unable to identify a definitive cause(s). When additional significant diagnostic results come to light, updated information will be shared.
If you observe any additional bird mortalities in Virginia, submit a mortality event to the DWR. For additional information visit, dwr.virginia.gov/wildlife/diseases/2021-bird-mortality-event/.
